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Citation signal
A Legal citation signal or introductory signal is a set of brief abbreviated phrases or words used to clarify the authority or significance of a legal citation as it relates to a proposition. They are used in legal citations to present authorities and show how the authorities relate to propositions in textual statements. Legal writers use introductory signals to tell readers how the legal authority citations support, or do not support their written propositions. Introductory signals organize the writer's citations into a hierarchy of strength and importance so that the reader can quickly determine the relative weight of the citation. Signals help a reader quickly discern meaning or usefulness of a particular reference when the reference itself does not provide adequate information.
Introductory signals have different meanings in different U.S. citation style systems. The two most prominent citation manuals are ''The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation'' and the ''ALWD Citation Manual''. Some state-specific style manuals also provide guidance on legal citation. The ''Bluebook'' citation system is both the most comprehensive and most widely used system by courts, law firms, and law reviews. Here are examples, with explanations, of the introductory signals used in legal writing under the ''Bluebook'' system:
==Usage==
Most citation signals are placed in front of the citation to which they apply. For example, in the paragraph
When writing a legal argument, it is important to refer to primary sources. To assist readers in locating these sources, it is desirable to use a standardized citation format. ''See generally'' Harvard Law Review Association, ''The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation'' (18th ed. 2005). Note, however, that some courts may require any legal papers that are submitted to them to conform to a different citation format.
the signal is the phrase "''see generally''," which indicates that the citation "''The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation'' (18th ed. 2005)" provides general background information on the topic.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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